A Few Definitions Are Necessary To Understand While Learning

A few definitions are necessary to understand while learning the complex structure of emotional intelligence and empathy. Emotional Intelligence as defined by Peter Salovey and John Mayer â€Å"is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth† (Goleman). There are five components of emotional intelligence, as stated by Goleman: self-awareness, self-regulation, internal motivation, empathy, and social skills. Self- awareness is being able to identify and define the emotions one feels. Self-regulation is one’s ability to control emotional impulses and to think prior†¦show more content†¦A couple of examples include Narcissistic Personality Disorder which is defined as a person having an overwhelming sense of self-importance and need for admiration. This is an exceptional example of ho w a person’s lack of empathy can make them manipulative (Albert Ellis Institute). However, manipulative behaviors are also associated with having too much empathy. Goleman gives the example of serial killers, who marry their victims just to kill them are known to be very empathetic. Another example, dictators, they use their charm to convince thousands of people to change their opinions to make what the dictator wants. Other central themes in regards to having a lack of empathy include: needing to be the center of attention, lack of self-confidence, distrusting of others, issues with self-identity, and odd beliefs. A crucial part of emotional intelligence and empathy is finding a balance between everything. Too much empathy with a lack of self-awareness can be harmful. This essentially means that a person can see into another person’s mindset but cannot differentiate their own emotions compared to the person whose emotions they are feeling. So if person A is the empathetic person who is happy, and they come into proximity with person B who is suicidal then person A will feel the pain of person B. If person A has a high enough self-awareness then they won’t feel overcome by the suicidal emotions but if their self-awarenessShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Learners With Gifts And Talents1649 Words   |  7 Pages As the population of English Language Learners , otherwise known as ELLs, has been increasing over the past few decades, so has their disproportionate representation in special education. Too many of our ELLs are often disproportionately placed in special education programs, which may be considered a challenge faced by both general and special educators. But what about the underrepresentation of ELLs in the gifted and talented programs? It seems as though general educators struggle to provide theseRead MoreFreedom Vs. 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At a first glance, the definition of SLA may seem clear, however when analysed further it becomes clear that the subject is a bit more complex. Nevertheless, a good definition of it could be as follows: â€Å"a study of †¦ the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside a classroom.† (Ellis, 1997:3) From the 1940s to the 1960s, a psycholinguisticRead MoreDefining Play Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesas both essential and insignificant to the child at the same time. Santrock (2012, p.437) suggests a definition of play as a pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake. However, this is argued by Kernan (2007, p.5) who states that none of the potential definitions are broad enough to encompass all of the meanings associated with play. Despite the lack of such universal definition, Rennie (2003, p.22) claims, that we can re cognize play across barriers of language, of culture, even

Online Marketplace - 3313 Words

WHAT IS ONLINE MARKETPLACE? The online payment marketplace is experiencing an explosion of innovative ideas, plans, and announcements, which one commentator has likened to a â€Å"goat rodeo†, a chaotic situation in which powerful players with different agendas compete with one another for public acceptance, and above all, huge potential revenues. Others liken the payment marketplace to a battle among the four platform titans Apple, Google, Facebook, and Amazon. Each of these titans have their own versions of a future payment system that challenges the other players. And let’s not forget PayPal, the reigning power in alternative online payment, or the credit card companies who process over 70% of online payments, or the†¦show more content†¦* Buy in-store with the mobile app Tap your phone to pay and redeem offers, using NFC (near-field communication). NFC payments are currently only available in the United States. * Manage your account Sign in to manage your payment information and view your transaction history. 2) Checkout Increase online sales using Google Wallet New! Google Checkout is now Google Wallet for buyers. Google Wallet is a fast, secure checkout process that helps increase sales by bringing you more customers and allowing them to buy from you quickly and easily with a single account, online or in-store. Sell worldwide. Attract buyers in over 140 countries to purchase your goods and services online using their Google Wallet. Convert more sales. A fast, convenient checkout process helps Google users convert more than shoppers who have not used Google before. Protect yourself from fraud. The Payment Guarantee Policy protects 98% of orders on average – when an order is guaranteed, you get paid even if it results in a chargeback AMAZON Figure 1.3 show Amazon website Amazon Services works with businesses of all sizes to provide products and solutions backed by the power of Amazon. For example, your business can reach millions of Amazon shoppers by selling on the Amazon Marketplace and then leverage Amazon s fulfillment services to manage shipping and provide trusted customer service.Show MoreRelatedNew Opportunities in the Online Marketplace1900 Words   |  8 Pagesin a business through online markets. When discussing about online markets, many sellers use the advantage of the internet to increase revenues. We use online markets mainly to benefit both the buyer and seller in many ways. One specific benefit that they both find very favorable to them is the fact that there is no sales tax involved in the transactions made in certain online market systems. 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How to End a Relationship Free Essays

Breaking up with someone is never easy†¦. , I know from personal experience. I recently broke up with my boyfriend of four and half years. We will write a custom essay sample on How to End a Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now We really just couldn’t be happy with one another fighting all the time. I really had to sit down and make the dissension it was really hard having to explaining to him that we could never be together and that it would take a while before we will be able to be friends once again. But, did you know that is a lot harder to break up with a guy than a girl.Although it has always been said that women are the sensitive ones. Some reasons are men have stronger emotions are unpredictable. Some men get angry and others beg pleading you to take them back they always you that phrase â€Å" I can change just give me another chance†. there are three simple steps to ending a relationship, such as thinking thoroughly, consulting a friend, and the break up itself, doing what you need to do to end it for good. Step one, you need to think truly hard about how you feel about that person.You need to search yourself and ask, am I truly happy with this person, do they make me feel special. Then you need to decide on the key reason(s) why you are even doing this. Its very important to make sure your head is clear before going into anything you yourself is uncertain of. Another thing is you should never breakup with a person out pure spite or being angry, might make a mistake and regret that dissension in the morning. Step two consulting a friend otherwise known as a break up buddy. Its almost necessary to have a break up buddy, because you must be strong not to go back to your ex. If you don’t have a break up buddy or lots of friends ( things to do) then more than likely to go back to your ex for whatever reasons boredom, sex, lonely, but it is crucial to stay strong and to hold your ground. Step three the break up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦It is so crucial to keep it simple especially for guys its just easier that way for them. You must never leave a hint of maybe, this word is dangerous because you are leaving the signal that there might still be a chance between you two.Look at like this you might just end back up with them asking yourself the same thing as you are doing now. In conclusion on how to end a relationship is thinking thoroughly, consulting your breakup buddy, and being a strong person and following through with the break up itself. But some key tips to remember one is breaking up with a person is only as hard as you make it to be, second if you unders tand that person and how they work then sometimes it can help make the breakup a little less horrible for the both of you. How to cite How to End a Relationship, Papers

Constructing Pragmatic Socioeconomic Status †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Constructing Pragmatic Socioeconomic Status. Answer: Introduction The major household contaminant is dust and is always hard and tiresome to do cleaning everyday leading to the accumulation of dirt that eventually become harmful to the health of the occupants by causing respiratory disease such as asthma and coughing. Many at times, dust is collected around the house, hospitals and many buildings as a result of people walking in, children playing and other activities within the home that cause the collection of the specks of dust. The change of human lifestyle and technological advancement has improved the interior decorations, and need for improvement of individuals health have become essential aspects of human life, calling for the need of reducing the workforce used in cleaning. Several methods such as using doormat have been usedas ways of reducing the amount of dust that escapes into the house during entry of a person into a house; however, the issues have not been fully solved as the models are not efficient in capturing all the dusts and pre venting the dust from escaping into the house. Therefore, to address the dust collected at the door calls for the need of automatic foot dust vacuum cleaner that will trap and filter all the foot dust without the use of more human energy. Specks of dust are thefine particles that originate from the soil and are always lifted into the house and other places through wind, volcanic eruptions, and pollution (Simington 2017, p.11).However, in most cases human beings and pets are the major carrier of dust into the house through their feet as they gain entry into the buildings. Foot dust removal dates back to the ancient days when it was perceived that going into a house or a room with dirty feet was an indication of carrying the bad omens collected outside into a home (Weber 2013, p.120). These believeare also in confirmation with the Christianity believe of the Christs message to thetwelve disciples to dust off their feet whenever they were not received in some places. Consequently, the Islamic teaching also dictates that all the worshipers leave out the shoes and wash their feet before going into the mosque as a sign of holiness and cleanliness. Therefore apart from the health aspects, religious beliefs also play primary reason for the need for automatic dust vacuum cleaner machine. Types of Foot Dust Cleaners Doormats are fibers or cloths placed on the doors to wipe away the dust and dirt from the soles of people before entering into a house. The mats are always efficient on wet bottoms of shoes since they dry up the foot by absorbing in the moisture, however, on dirty feet, a large percentage of dust particles always escapes into the house leading to accumulation of dirt, that when breathed in effect the respiratory system of the occupants. Static doormator dusters are the static dusters are always placed on the door and one stepson before entering a house. Unlike the normal doormat, the static dusters are designed in a way that pulls dust and dirt from the soles of people through the use of electrostatic fibers (Furlan et al. 2017, p.232). The static doormat is more efficient than the normal door map as the former has the capability of capturing and absorbing both the dust particles and moisture leaving less percentage of escape. However, large proportion of dust still escapes the static duster, therefore, leading to the need of inventing and improving the automatic foot dust vacuum machine that will ensure that about 99.5 percent of dusts are tapped before an individual goes into a house. First, we need to understand what is a vacuum cleaner is: vacuum cleaner is an electronic or motor devices that use both electricity or air pump, known as a centrifugal fan to create a partial vacuum enabling the suckling up of dust and dirt from surfaces such as floor and draperies (DeGiacomo ,Patrizi Sardina 2013, p.120). Similarly, the automatic foot dust vacuum cleaning machine is a device designed to clean the foot dust and is widely applicable in shops, computer centers, homes, hospitals and many other places that housekeeping is essential. Foot dust cleaning is an ancient activity that consisted of washing of the feet before entering into a house or tapping the dust on the doormats. The process of cleaning the feet is seen as tiresome and time-consuming that makes some playful children omit the procedure, thereby carrying with them the dust into the house (Leppanen et al. 2016, p.249). The accumulation of these dusts is harmful to the well being of the occupants of the house, as the earth forms the basis of the effects such as respiratory disease (Lippman, Cohen, Chen 2015, p.510). The automatic foot dust vacuum cleaning machine invention goes back to the early days when people used to pick up rugs and shake out dust to make them clean. Daniel Hess of West Union, who invented a hand operated carpet cleaner in 1860, first solved the problem of the workload: the device operational principle was stirring up the rug debris with spinning brushes, and then pushing the debris into a collection container using bellow. In 1868, Ives McGaffey of Chicago improved the Haves model and called it Whirlwind, unlike Hesss devise, the whirlwind used a belt system for operation hence made it easier to use(Harvey 2017,p.135) However, whirlwind required two people because it was bulky, and one had o turn the trunk while pushing the device over the carpet, rug, and floor. Due to that major disadvantage of a whirlwind in 1876 Melville Bissell invented a device that could be mechanically operated by one person however it was still full of work out. In the year of 1898, John Thurman of St.Loius came up with a gas-operated machine that was capable of blowing away debris in a cyclone and into a container (Beloglazov Beloglazova2017, p.587). However, the devices patent was cancelled in court aftera judge ruled that it was not a vacuum cleaner. The first motored vacuum cleaner came into existence in 1901, when introduced by Herbert Booth. The Booths device was also powered by gas and depended on the horse and buggy for movement and was the first to use the principle of suction by creating a vacuum with the floor(Azadbakht, KiapeyJafari 2014,p.81). During the operation, a seal is formed with the surfaces in the device opening thus creating a space that pulls up the debris. This is the concept that most of the todays vacuum cleaners apply. In 1907, James Spangler who was a janitor was always affected by the dust during the cleaning process, and therefore invented a vacuum cleaner that had a pillowcase, to receive clouds of dust and dirt (Adgateet al.2013, p.239). The device was later developed to e portable and electric cal. The technological advancement has seen the development of various vacuum cleaners in todays market. TheTechnology Principle behind Vacuum Cleaner Machine The todays principle of vacuum cleaning machines depends on thevariations of what the basis of vacuum cleaner technology that has been for a long time and has been improved for quite a long period. The 1900s vacuum cleaner machines consisted an upright and a canister models that used a porous bag for collecting small particles of soil. In 1980, Dyson invented a vacuum free canister known as cyclone also known as inertial separation technology. The Dysons vacuum machines operated on the basis of centrifugal force to differentiate dust from the air and then pushing all the dirt in a high-velocity spiral path into a collection cylinder (Han-Geol 2016, p.9). Apart from the inertial separation technology, filtration is also an essential part of the technological development. Filters are used in capturing dust in many vacuum cleaners, and currently different filters have been developed to bring differences in the performance of the machines such as panels, bags, pockets pleated or un-pleat ed and various capacities. Foot dust vacuum cleaner machine has the same principle as other dust vacuum cleaners, and therefore, the factors determining the choice of the best device applies to all. The factors include the amount of traffic going into the room and carpet soil, vacuum cleaner performance, filtration rate, price of the device, quality and durability and capacity of the machine. The choice of foot dust vacuum cleaner machine will depend on the amount of traffic in a house and the type of carpet soil. The peoples shoes and pets bring about most of the soils in the carpet, and therefore the number of the people and the pets define the amount of dust and soil found in the carpet. The dust and soil tend to have sharp edges that act like sandpaper to bend the carpet fibers, thereby making the fibers to absorb light rather than reflecting resulting in the dirty look all the time. With the synthetic fiber carpet and high traffic that results in large amount of soil accumulation in the carpet, a vacuum cleaner with aggressive bristles on the revolving brush makes the best choice (Tajik Majzadea 2014, p.48). However, a vacuum cleaner with dense, stiff bristles and better bar functioning are excellent as the devices capable of bringing the dry soils up from the carpet pile to eases the brushing is excellent. Vacuum Cleaner Performance Every vacuum cleaner has different cleaning ability, and therefore, the performance is a critical aspect of choosing the best vacuum cleaner. The choice will revolve whether one wants to use water or the airflow to remove dust from the feet of the occupants and the amount of power consumption. Filtration is also an important factor as the ability of the cleaning machine depends on the capability of the vacuum cleaner to retain the soils, and fine particles picked up. When the filtration of a device is very poor or low, the particles have a high probability of escaping through the vacuum cleaner into the house and settle down as dust (Kim Ryu 2014, p.520). The modern filters are made up of paper, coal water, synthetic fabric materials such as HEPA, therefore, in situations such as hospitals that have high traffic need vacuum cleaners that have high filtration such as HEPA filter, that have the capability of removing about 99.97% of dust. Products price is always a determiner of choice during purchasing; however, the price does not reflect the quality of vacuum cleaner. The price is determined by the brand, technical aspects and the time of introduction into the market versus those devices that have proved quality over for a long period (Ahmad, Wyna Clarkson 2013, p.236). The number of filters in the vacuum cleaners also determines prices. Every devices worth is determined by the value and the amount operational time as these features dictate the rate of replacement. Vacuum cleaners that are of high quality tend to last longer than the ones with poor quality and the services also differ in the same manner. The quality depends on the solidness of the components rather than the flimsy or brittle appearing materials. Another factor that determines the quality is the amount of noise produced by the vacuum cleaner during the operation: a good vacuum cleaner should produce considerable noise such as about 50 decibels that allow the occupant to hear the doorbell. Also, the price is too another factor for evaluating the quality of a device as the cheaper ones tend to have shorter durability and poor performance than the expensive ones. Busy places such hospitals need to have more durable devices than a house with a single occupant since the amount of foot dust differs. The size of a vacuum cleaner is determined by the size of the dust bag or cap, therefore the more significant the bag, the less often the bag needs to be changed. Large institutions that have high traffic number needs a large bag that is capable of holding a more massive amount of soil and dust for quite a longer time than a house with a single occupant. The capacity of the vacuum cleaner also determines the storage space, hence small portable automatic foot dust vacuum cleaning machine is more appropriate for the homes with fewer storage capacities (Leppenen et al. 2014, p.252). These bags are of two types such as the disposable and non-disposable: these factors also affect the choice of the vacuum cleaner as they determine the maintenance cost of the devices. Conclusion Automatic foot dust vacuum cleaning machine is a project that will work on the basis of the existing vacuum cleaners and therofre the success will eventually help in reducing the effect of respiratory diseases that results from the dust accumulated in the rooms. The success in the manufacturing of the device will also reduce the work load and time taken in cleaning the foot dust of many people , both in homes, computer centers and hospitals. List of References Adgate, J, Banerjee, S, Wang, M, McKenzie, L, Hwang, J, Ja Cho, S, Ramachandran, G 2013, 'Performance of dust allergen carpet samplers in controlled laboratory studies', Journal Of Exposure Science Environmental Epidemiology, 23, 4, pp. 385-391, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Ahmad, N, Wynn, D, Clarkson, P 2013, 'Change impact on a product and its redesign process: a tool for knowledge capture and reuse', Research In Engineering Design, 24, 3, pp. 219-244, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Azadbakht, M, kiapey, A, Jafari, A 2014, 'Design and fabrication of a tractor powered leaves collector machine equipped with suction-blower system', Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 16, 3, pp. 77-86, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Beloglazov, V, Beloglazova, L 2017, 'Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of the Design of a Divider on the Efficiency of an Inertial Vacuum Dust Collector', Chemical Petroleum Engineering, 52, 9/10, pp. 585-589, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. De Giacomo, G, Patrizi, F, Sardia, S 2013, 'Automatic behavior composition synthesis', Artificial Intelligence, 196, pp. 106-142, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Furlan, P, Ackerman, B, Melcer, M, Perez, S 2017, 'Reusable Magnetic Nanocomposite Sponges for Removing Oil from Water Discharges', Journal Of Ship Production Design, 33, 3, pp. 227-236, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018 Han-Geol, S, Man-Seung, H, Hyun-Jin, A, Jaehyuck, K, Young-Cheol, L 2016, 'Efficiency Enhancement of a Low-Voltage Automotive Vacuum Cleaner Using a Switched Reluctance Motor', Energies (19961073), 9, 9, pp. 1-16, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Harvey, AD 2017, 'Art and Design', Critical Survey, 29, 1, pp. 133-137, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Kim, J, Ryu, H 2014, 'A Design Thinking Rationality Framework: Framing and Solving Design Problems in Early Concept Generation', Human-Computer Interaction, 29, 5/6, pp. 516-553, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018 Leppnen, H, Nevalainen, A, Vepslinen, A, Roponen, M, Tubel, M, Laine, O, Rantakokko, P, Mutius, E, Pekkanen, J, Hyvrinen, A 2014, 'Determinants, reproducibility, and seasonal variation of ergosterol levels in house dust', Indoor Air, 24, 3, pp. 248-259, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Lippmann, M, Cohen, M, Chen, L 2015, 'Health effects of World Trade Center (WTC) Dust: An unprecedented disaster with inadequate risk management', Critical Reviews In Toxicology, 45, 6, pp. 492-530, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018. Simington, Mo 2017, 'Dust in the Wind', Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 97, 1, pp. 11-12, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018 Tajik, P, Majdzadeh, R 2014, 'Constructing Pragmatic Socioeconomic Status Assessment Tools to Address Health Equality Challenges', International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 46-51. Weber, SR 2013, '"Shake Off the Dust of Thy Feet": The Rise and Fall of Mormon Ritual Cursing', Dialogue: A Journal Of Mormon Thought, 46, 1, pp. 108-139, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 April 2018.

Study Review Micro Ch. 1 Essay Example

Study Review Micro Ch. 1 Essay Is the discipline of economics concerned with individual units such as a person, household, firm, or industry True Communism exhibits all the characteristics of a command system Which of the following describe a command system? Government ownwershiop of most or all property resources A government appointed central planning board Economics is a social Science concerned with the allocation of scarce Resources to meet the unlimited wants Of the members of a given society. Marginal analysis involves the comparison or evaluation of: * The incremental cost versus the incremental benefit of a decision * An good economic system must address the following questions: * What gods are to be produced? * How they are to be produced? Who gets what is produced? * * An equitable outcome is one where each individual affected is treated faily * * The economic question of what to produce is about decisions related to the mix of goods and services to make available in a given economy * * Which of the fol lowing results from scarcity with respect to economic resources? * The production of limited goods and services * The economic question of how to produce is about decisions related to the mix factor input land, labor, capital used to produce gods and services. * * True: In a command system, the government decides how a country’s resources will best be utilized * * A statement about economic behavior or the economy that enables prediction of the probable effects of certain actions is known as an: economic theory, and economic principle * * Due to scarce resources, every individual, whether rich or poor, is faced with an implicit cost when choosing to produce or consume more of one good over another. * False: Economcis, as a social science, is concerned with how to make money? * * Macroeconomics is the discipline that examines either the economy as a whole or in the aggregate. * * When comparing the additional or incremental cost verses additional or incremental benefits of a decision, one is engaging in: marginal analysis * * Which of the following describe the role of government in the United States form of capitalism? * Modifies the distribution of income, provides certain goods and services that would otherwise be underproduced or not produced at all. Promotes economic stability and growth * Pure capitablism is also known as laissez-faire capitalism. * * False: the three main decision that msut be addressed by an economic system include what gods are to be produced, who will produce them, and where they will be pr oduced. * * An economic system is a particular sset of institution arrangements and a coordinating mechansism that respons to the allocation of scarece resources to meet unlimited wants and needs. * * Natural resources, labor, human capital, physical capital and entrepreneurshop are all scarce resources priatley or collectibely owned by members of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Review Micro Ch. 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study Review Micro Ch. 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study Review Micro Ch. 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Where these scarce resources are used to produce goods or services, there is a cost borne by society in utilizing these resources to produce any good or service and no free lunch * * Private property rights, coupled with the freedom to negotiate binding legal documents enables individuals and businesses to obtain, use, and dispose of property resources as they see fit. * * False: Governemtn owns most of the property resouces usch as land and capital in a market system. * * Consumers derive personal satisfaction from goods and services by: acting in a their own self interest. Allocating their time, energy, money and other resources so as to maximize their satisfaction from consuming these goods * * The term â€Å"laissez-faire refers to keeping government form interfering in the economy. * * A central planning board sets the division of output between capital and consumer goods in a command system? * * Positive economic analysis concernes what is, whereas normative economic analysis represent subjective statement about what ought to be. * * Which of the following gare all possible because of private property rights in a market system? * Economic growth, investment, maintenance of property, innovation, exchange

Planned Strategy Essays

Planned Strategy Essays Planned Strategy Essay Planned Strategy Essay Planned strategy involves a centre authority, which formulates their intentions as precisely as possible and then strive for its implementation. To do this, the organisation needs to articulate its intentions in the form of a plan and then elaborate on this strategic plan in as much detail as possible. This is prepared by using measures such as schedules, budgets and forecasts. Planned strategy involves making formation assumptions and then following a strict strategy process approach, with strategic decision making taking place in a number of steps. Ansoff (1965) cited in Harris, Forbes Fletcher (2000) illustrates that strategic decision making takes place in four principle steps. These are the perceptions of the decision need or opportunity, formulation of alternative courses of action, evaluation of the alternatives in relation to their respective contributions and the choice of one or more alternatives. This process illustrates how planned planned strategy is. Planned strategy is useful in organisations because it breaks down the process into manageable units. The process of setting objectives and goals allows the management to plan and motivate for the future and this also stimulates employee discussion and debates. Furthermore, the control system enables organisations to periodically review progress and understand how closely their internal performance adheres to their strategic goals and intentions (Osborn, 1998). For planned strategy to be implemented successfully, numerous factors need to be considered. The market and organisation environment needs to be predictable so that strategies can be implemented in a steady and rational way. Planned strategy is useful for controllable elements where the processed are incremental and linear. However, in practical terms, this may not be possible in turbulent, dynamic environments. This is one limitation of the planned approach to strategy formation. When an environment is complex and somewhat uncontrollable or unpredictable, a variety of sub-units in the organisation need to able to respond, especially if there is rapid change (Brown Eisenhardt, 1998). In these situations, patterns in the organisation cannot be planned in one central place (Mintzberg Waters, 1985). Today, organisations are faced with numerous fluctuations in the economy and major technological change. As such, development time frames are becoming shorter and shorter and organisations need to constantly update their production processes. Therefore, the planned strategy may become obsolete over the planning period, due to the changes in the external environment. Brown Eisenhardt (1998) believe that planned strategies fail because they overemphasise the degree to which it is possible to predict which industries, competitors, positions and competences will be viable for what length of time. Furthermore, planned strategies underemphasise the importance and challenge of creating and executing the chosen strategy. Furthermore, planned strategy assumes that a common agreement can be found by all the parties involved in the planning process and it appears to ignore organisational conflicts and politics, or at least assumes they can be easily identified and changed (Burnes, 1996). Theorists have argued that planning is a system on control. This school of thought considers that planned strategy does not relate to a system of thinking, rather as a method of control. It can be seen that planned strategies are implemented in the organisation in a top-down hierarchy structure (Bourlakis Bourlakis, 2001). On the other hand, traditionalist illustrate that organisations that do implement their strategies in a vertical, top-down process, retain functional stability within their business units and have the potential to improve and expand. Planned strategies are found in organisations that simply extrapolate established patterns in environments that they assume will stay stable. In a previous study by Mintzberg Waters (1982) cited in Mintzberg Waters (1985), It was found that strategies appear not to be conceived in planning processes so much as elaborated from existing visions or copied from industry standards and, therefore, do not constitute a thinking or learning process. According to Mintzberg (1988) planned strategy distorts the process of crafting strategy and thereby, misguides the organisations that embrace it unreservedly. Planned and formal strategies can process more hard data and information than in semi-structured planning. However the pitfall to these strategies is that they can never internalise, comprehend or synthesise information (Mintzberg, 1994, p. 111). In other words, planned strategy is not learning and evolving. It consists of a rational sequence with a known outcome. Emergent Strategy The approaches to strategic management are undergoing considerable change. There has been a remarkable shift from planned strategies to more flexible contingent approaches, which can emerge from chance events, as well as from cognitive, cultural and political processes. The emergent strategy rejects the planned approach to strategy. It sees strategies as a one-off exercise and more as a continuous process of change and advancement. Emergent strategies seek to align and re-align the organisation in unpredictable and rapidly changing environments. Furthermore, the reality in organisations is that management does not follow along predictive and linear assumptions. Hamel and Prahalad, cited in Davies Ellison (1998, p. 463) state that the predictive horizon is becoming shorter and shorter. So plans do little more than project the present toward incrementally. It is important to understand the interacting non-linear influences that actions are affected by in order to formulate effective strategies (Macbeth, 2002). Emergent strategies are most likely to be found in organisations characterised as adhocracies or project structures (Shiner, 2001). Changing and complex environments with unique products, incorporating the use of multidisciplinary teams and project work, typify these. Emergent strategies have many advantages in todays organisational settings. First, it stresses the developing and unpredictable nature of change. It views change as a process that unfolds through the interplay of multiple variables (context, political processes and consultation) within an organisation (Burnes, 1996). Therefore, market structure and demands provide the environment that creates much of the need for emergent strategies. Turbulent, competitive and unpredictable markets, together with innovative products, increase the need for emergent strategies. However, emergent strategies tend to lack the coherence of methods and techniques accumulated by the planned approach to strategy. Emergent strategies also lack the presence of competitive advantage based on core competence. This is due to the strategies constantly changing, with no one major idea. Therefore, organisations cannot exploit or develop particular core competences. Emerging organisational strategies make use of a feedback response mechanism. Therefore, responses from competitors, employees, cross functional groups and internal/external environment all have an impact on the impending strategy formation. However, when organisations implement planned strategies, they often sever the vital feedback link between cross-function and dependent groups. This is means that useful information may not be responded to and as such, potential strategies and processes are unrealised. One example that depicts the development of an emergent strategy in an organisation is Honda Motor Companys entry into the United States motorcycle industry in 1959. This illustrates how the planned strategy of entering the market with high powered 250cc and 350cc bikes failed, whereas the strategy of selling 50cc machines emerged (Marsden, 1998). This emerged strategy was so successful that in 1964, nearly one out of every two motorcycles sold was a Honda (Marsden, 1998). Emergent strategies represent ideas that have surfaced from organisations interactions with its customers, markets and competitors and may suggest approaches that were not considered during formal planning (Osborn, 1998). Emergent strategies arise from the daily activities of the organisation and, in many cases, represent bottom-up structure. Furthermore, organisations which are employing emergent strategies, resolve their issues horizontally and across functional teams, reiterating their lack of formal control systems and heightened awareness of learning and thinking processes. Emergent strategies give the organisation the chance to self-organise and realise its potential in more advanced strategies, activities and complexities (Fitzgerald, 2002). A focus on emergent strategies changes the traditional relationship between planning and control. Effective control systems can play a central role in identifying problems and matching them with specific strategic solutions, even if both elements surfaced from apparently random fashion within different parts of the networked organisation (Osborn, 1998). Emerging organisational designs are more organised more explicitly around processes than controlled, traditional, and hierarchical structures. Emergent strategy sees that strategy is an open-ending and continuous process. It can be viewed as a process of learning and not just a strategy of changing organisational structures and practices (Burnes, 1996). Purely planned strategy precludes learning once the strategy is formulated and beginning to be implemented. Emergent strategy advances and encourages thinking and learning (Mintzberg, 1988).

This essay needs to be revised by grammar Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

This needs to be revised by grammar - Essay Example In his work â€Å"Animal Rights vs. Human Rights,† Edwin Locke declares that only creatures that possess the capability of thinking, reasoning and the capacity of making choices have rights. (1) He thus makes his stand very clear against the rights of animals. On the other hand, this viewpoint is strongly opposed by Tom Regan, who is a famous philosopher providing arguments for the provision of rights to the animals. In his work, â€Å"The Rights of Humans and Other Animals,† Tom Regan points out a few characteristics for having rights which mainly include rational autonomy and sentience. (17) However Regan gives up on rational autonomy shortly and opposes with Locke. The other controversy that exists between Regan and Locke is the point that whether animals have a moral community like humans or they do not form. To search for a link between characteristics and rights can be classified as not being moral and neither is it a respectful behavior towards other beings. To s tart with, rational autonomy is the capability of thinking, reasoning and making choices. By rational autonomy creatures have the capacity to decide the consequences of their actions. Locke claims that animals do not need rights owing to the fact that they do not reason and nor do they take decisions which will have an effect on their lives. Also, he argues that animals are instinctual and do not have the capacity of thinking as humans. Thus there is no strong justification according to Locke for the provision of rights to animals. On the other hand Regan argues that animals are not instinctual, they are living creatures and are capable of thinking just like humans. However, it is very clearly known that not all of the animals have rational autonomy and the same implies for humans as some of them also do not possess rational autonomy. If only creatures that can think or reason and make choices have the rights (Locke 1) then too many people and animals will be excluded from this grou p. Thus rational autonomy cannot be a criterion of having rights. Regan analyzes this problem and hence disapproves with Locke’s point of view. Locke asserts that rights are vital for humans, because the rational autonomy of human beings is the key element to lead a better life. Human beings need to think and make choices for choosing a path to live their lives. Locke claims that humans need rights for protecting their thoughts and themselves from other people. Thus he asserts that as long as animals are not rational they do not need rights for protecting themselves. In opposition to the justification of Locke, some animals which include dolphins, pigs are more intelligent than infants as well as mentally handicapped people. Regan argues that if rational autonomy is a criterion then these human beings would also be left out and they would also be excluded from the group of people who should be granted rights. Regan then expresses that sentience is an important characteristic for having rights. Having sentience is ability to feel pain and pleasure. By the implication of sentience as a measure for the provision of rights, all human beings irrespective of their mental state would have the approval of being granted rights. At the same time, the quality of sentience would make animals and humans equal as both of them possess the capability of sensing pain or pleasure and hence they would both deserve rights in an equal manner.

Analysis of Heart of Darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Heart of Darkness - Essay Example Referred to as the â€Å"dark continent†, Africa was one of the world’s ‘dark places’ that the Europeans had colonized by the 1890s. It is perceived in other the places (Africa, England and Brussels) that Conrad describes as depressing, dark areas. Darkness symbolizes the unknown, gaining power because we are afraid to find out what it is hiding from us (for example, in Section 2, Part II, when Marlow’s steamer enters an oppressive fog bank resulting in blurring and distortion of vision, the men aboard it are terrified when they hear a high-pitched scream followed by a clamor of savage voices; their terror emanates from their knowledge that danger is lurking somewhere in the foggy darkness, but they are unable to see it or gauge its potency (http://www.novelguide.com/heartofdarkness/index.html). It is the metaphoric meaning of darkness that is more prevalent throughout the novel. Conrad refers to darkness as the human inability to see beyond another individual’s personal faà §ade, and the inability to understand the feelings of that individual, both of which lead to inability to establish any sort of mutual understanding or sympathetic interaction with that person. Darkness is compelling and alluring. Unknown danger has always been a magnet that has drawn humans to dare and explore it. In the context of the novel, darkness conceals unknown dangers in Africa that Europeans dare to tackle for the rewards it would bring. To the company men, the reward is material wealth represented by ivory; to Marlow, the African darkness conceals adventure, this being the main reason he traveled to that place due to a map he came across (Section 1, Part I), depicting the region as unexplored land (http://www.novelguide.com/heartofdarkness/index.html). Darkness is used as a cloak to conceal acts of savagery. Conrad suggests that such a cloak of darkness can camouflage savage acts that would be impossible to contemplate in European civilization. For example, Kurtz

The methods and principles of accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The methods and principles of accounting - Essay Example Rules and principles of accounting are basically designed in such a way that they provide certain standardized frameworks which help in the assessment of the financial position of a firm or a government. Hence there may always be a difference from one country to another in the accounting practices that are followed. There can be a major influence of the accounting consequences of different kinds of available options with which the decision makers are faced with, on the final decision taken. Thereby, the choice between the different methods of accounting may not limit themselves to just the portrayal of results; they may also play a vital role in the actual shaping of future decisions including the organization's financial structuring, functioning and activities. Accounting is best known as the language of business and communicates the results of the business. As the accepted Lingua Franca in addition to being the medium of communication it also satisfies the role of understanding the existing as well as potential additions to the available literature. As with every credible language, Accountancy also has its own rules and syntax which comprises the principles on which the system is based, known as the Generally Accepted Principles (GAAP), International Accounting Standards, and US GAAP etc. forming the theoretical base of Accountancy, and the Double Entry bookkeeping for recording the transactions providing the Practical Base of the system. To communicate the necessary, vital and relevant information, the requirements of the prospective users are identified and a systematic process is adhered to resulting in the formation of "Financial Statements." They are primarily the Income Statement and the Position Statement which are popular as "Trading and Profit & Loss Account" and the "Balance Sheet" respectively. The Balance Sheet shows the financial status of a business at a given point of time. That is the reason, the heading of Balance Sheet reads as "Balance Sheet of Xxx Company as on 31st March, 20xx." The balance sheet shows the amount of funds the owner has in the business. To determine this amount, the assets owned are listed and a value is placed on them. Liabilities and their values also are listed. The difference between assets and liabilities is equal to the net worth, or the owner's equity in the business (Klinefelter, 2000). The income statement on the other hand reflects the performance of the entry over a period of time and hence it is headed as "Income Statement of Xxx Company for the year ended 31st March, 20xx." The major purposes of financial reporting are: Providing information which in turn becomes the basis for exercising decisions and actions by the potential users, Reflect the financial progress and present health of the business, Aid in the formulation of policies and procedures for the smooth and efficient conduct of the business, Enable the management to discharge their obligations and stewardship functions effectively Financial Reporting The end-users of financial statements need not necessarily be those of finance background. They might not be in a position to understand the complex technicalities of financial statement. People who do not have detailed understanding of the financial

An Analysis of Pakistan-India Relations

An Analysis of Pakistan-India Relations Introduction Relations are built on mutual trust. This is no different when these relations are between states. Salient features of Pak-India relations include strong feelings of mistrust and suspicion on both sides. This stems from a volatile past -i.e. the hasty separation of 1947, the wars of 1965 and 1971 and the Kargil Conflict- and is exacerbated by the on and off border skirmishes and standoffs between the two countries. Reservations of one country about the other are so strong that any terrorist activity/insurgency in either country is somehow linked with or blamed to have been caused by the other one. Also both countries have strong militaries with India’s being much stronger than Pakistan’s and with Pakistan’s having significant power independent of the governments so that even if relations are good on a diplomatic level, things often escalate and become heated at the borders between the two nations. In such conditions, envisioning positive relations is not only imp ractical, but letting our guard down in the face of a continuous threat, a poor strategy. 1971 war and India’s role in the creation of Bangladesh Bitterness over the 1971 war exists in Pakistan not only because of the direct war with India and the high casualties or the humiliation of defeat but because of the strong role played by India in the permanent alteration of Pakistan’s boundaries and the secession of East Pakistan. In the 1970 elections, Awami League (led by Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman), which was the largest political party in East Pakistan won a majority of the seats. However, General Yahya Khan, refused Awami League the right to form a government, which led to protests all across East Pakistan, with the population demanding self-determination and acceptance of the election results. In 1971, an operation was led by Yahya Khan against these protestors and all major political parties and newspapers in East Pakistan were banned. A West Pakistani-dominated martial law was imposed on the province. Kargil Conflict-1999 External Factors that have precipitated military standoffs on the borders Events in both countries have caused friction on both sides of the border, with the armies massing, on alert and prepared to fight if the need arise. Diplomatic ties become adversely affected and it is hard to taper these tensions and start anew. 2001: After the terrorist attacks on the Indian Parliament in 2001, there was a massing of troops on either side of the border and the LoC in the region of Kashmir. India alleged that the Pakistan-based terror groups of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad which were also carrying out an insurgency in Indian administered Kashmir and were purportedly backed by the ISI- a charge denied by Pakistan- were responsible for these attacks. Tensions were high and there were speculations of a nuclear war between the two nations in the western media. However, these deescalated following international diplomatic mediation which resulted in the October 2002 withdrawal of Indian and Pakistani troops from the international border. 2007 and 2008: The Samjhauta Express Bombings of 2007 were alleged to have been carried out by the Hindu fundamentalist group Abhinav Bharat. Even though these allegations were never proven to be true, they did give rise to Anti-India sentiments in Pakistan. In 2008, India held the Pakistan and the ISI directly culpable for the Mumbai attacks. This led to strained relations between the two countries for a period of time. An anti-Pakistan sentiment also rose in India. There was a standoff at the border with the navies, armies and air forces on red alert and it had the potential for dire consequences since both nations were nuclear powers and had already participated in many wars. John McCain said, The Indians are on the verge of some kind of attack on Pakistan. However the tensions were dissipated when both sides made an effort to have discussions and avert nuclear war. Border Skirmishes in the Recent Years Border skirmishes and cross border firing between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Army along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir area and Punjab have resulted in a high number of casualties of civilians and soldiers on both sides in the past decade. In 2011, shooting took place across the Line of Control in Kupwara District/Neelam Valley between 30 August and 1 September 2011. Casualties included five Indian soldiers and three Pakistani soldiers. Both countries accused each other for instigating the hostilities. From mid- January 2013, a series of armed skirmishes took place along the LoC in the disputed Kashmir area. They have been described as the worst bout of fighting in the region in nearly 10 years.† They were initiated after reports of a Pakistani border post being attacked by Indians, killing one Pakistani soldier. The Indian authorities denied having crossed the demarcation line and claimed that the attack was in retaliation to prior Pakistani ceasefire violations. On January 8th, Indian authorities alleged that two Indian soldiers had been killed when Pakistani forces crossed the LoC. Even though Pakistan denied these reports, the incident led to an outrage by the Indian army and government and an outcry in the media claiming that one of the soldiers had been beheaded. Talks were held between Lieutenant General Vinod Bhatia and Major General Ashfaq Nadeem who agreed that tensions needed to be tapered. But these skirmishes continued and the death toll reached 9 Pakistani and 8 Indian soldiers in August. On 9 October 2014 Indian media claimed that a total of 9 military personal and 6 civilians were killed on Pakistani side. 12 Indian soldiers and 1 civilian were killed on Indian side These skirmishes continued well in 2014, with both India and Pakistan trading blame for the violence. In October, the situation became aggressive following which then Indian Defence Minister Arun Jaitley urged Pakistan to stop unprovoked firing and warned that the response by India would be unaffordable. His Pakistani counterpart, Khawaja Asif replied to the warning with subtle mention of nuclear power that the country would be able to respond befittingly to the Indian aggression. So far in 2015, Pakistan claims to have lost 12 of its soldiers. Conclusion India and Pakistan border disputes and skirmishes are not all as blatant as is believed. India is speculated to have been making strong efforts to manipulate the borders of Pakistan by financially backing Baloch separatist insurgents, causing unrest in the country. British Intelligence officials believe India is providing undercover support to insurgents in Balochistan according to WikiLeaks cables. This support is speculated to have strengthened after Pakistan’s purported role in backing the Lashkar-e-Taiba post the 2008 Mumbai attacks. According to a security official Pakistan is considering taking up the issue of Indian involvement in Balochistan unrest at the United Nations.,† This matter cannot be ignored. Also, for nations such as India and Pakistan, with a long-standing conflict over Kashmir, territorial integrity is a huge priority. This is evident from the large defense budgets of both nations. [Check] Given this, the on and off cross-border firings, the general sentiments in both countries towards the other, and the aggregate of thousands of casualties in the conflicts and wars over the past sixty-seven years, it is evident why the attempts at improving relations between the two nations fail.

Cost of Drug Abuse on Society Essay -- Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Drug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drugs can be abused in a variety of different ways by people from every walk of life. Most of us have been affected by drug abuse either directly or indirectly. Drug abusers harm themselves, as well as their families and communities. Drug abuse takes an enormous toll on our society at many levels. The cost of drug abuse on our society is astronomical, not only financially but also personally, emotionally, socially and professionally. Drug abuse is the misuse or overdose of any medication or drug, including alcohol. Many people abuse drugs to deal with everyday life. â€Å"Although it is true that for most people the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, over time the changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse can effect a person’s control and ability to make sound decisions, and at the same time send intense impulses to take drugs (Shannon 246)†. Many people, who abuse drugs, will develop a chronic condition called addiction. Once addicted, it is challenging for the drug abuser to stop abusing drugs. The cost of drug and alcohol recovery services can be expensive, not only to the recovering addict and their families, but also to society paying for services through government agencies. Drug addicts relapsing from their disease or those who are not interested in recovery cost society by involvement in crime, neglect, abuse and even death. Drugs being abused are classified under nine different categories: cocaine, hallucinogens, herion, inhalants, marijuana, pain relievers, sedatives, stimulants and tranquilizers. These drugs range from illegal, over-the-counter to prescription medications. â€Å"In 2007, an estimated 19.9 million Americans aged 12 or o... ...ddiction treatment, medical cost from overdoses, drug-related injuries and complications, time lost from work and social welfare programs (Grohsman). The cost of drug abuse on society applies to all Americans. Whether you are a drug abuser, family member, friend, co-worker or drug manufacturer to drug enforcement officer, we all have been affected by drug abuse. Works Cited Abbot, Ann. â€Å"Health Care Challenges Created by Substance Abuse: The Whole is Definitely Bigger than the Sum of Its Parts† Health & Social Work 27.3 (2002): 162, 4. MasterFile Premier. Web. 19 Nov 2011. Brennfleck Shannon, Joyce, ed. Drug Abuse SOURCEBOOK. Omnigraphics, Inc.,2010. Print. Grohsman, B. â€Å"Drug Addiction and Society.† Treatment Centers.net 23 May 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Magnitude: Drug Abuse is Costly.† National Institute on Drug Abuse.n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2011

Lucy and Ardi: Beginning of Human Origins Essay

Many people often consider our first milestone in life to be our first step. It is the beginning of many important developments as an individual. It was also the beginning of our development as a species. Dr. Donald Johanson and Dr. Tim White discovered two of the most amazing specimens that would be the stepping-stones to the beginning of evolutionary development. Australopithecus Afarensis (Lucy) and Ardipithecus Ramidus (Ardi) were the first fossils found in Africa that showed signs of early evolutionary development that is connected to Homo sapiens in the evolutionary tree. Lucy and Ardi are important to our evolutionary development because they were the first fossils to show upright walking as their primary locomotion. American paleoanthropologist, Dr. Donald Johanson, led the team that discovered Australopithecus Afarensis in 1974 at Hadar in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia. The discovery of Lucy was very significant, which was because the skeleton showed evidence of a small skull that resembled that of an ape and of bipedal upright walking that is akin to that of humans. Lucy is dated back to about 3. 2 million years ago. Lucy’s species survived for over 900,000 years, which is over four times as long as our own species has been around. A. Afarensis, which are similar to chimpanzees, grew rapidly after birth and reached adulthood earlier than modern day humans. Lucy was about the age of 11-12 years old but the formation of all of her teeth showed that he was fully matured for her species unlike modern day humans were that isn’t reach till later years (Johanson The Quest for Human Origins). This meant Lucy’s species had a shorter period of growing up than modern humans have today. A. Afarensis had both ape-like and human characteristics such as ape-like faces, which is described as flat nosed and sloping lower jaw that juts out underneath the braincase. Also Lucy had a small brain that was about 13 fluid ounces and 400 cubic centimeters, which is about one third the size of a modern human brain. They also had long, strong arms with curves fingers most likely adapted for climbing trees to hide the land animals that would attack them and also picking fruit from up in the trees. They also had small canine teeth that resembled early humans and most importantly had a body that stood on two legs and regularly walked upright. This was one of the most important features of A. afarensis because their adaptations for living both in the trees and on the ground helped them survive for almost a million years as the climate and environment changed (Johanson The Quest for Human Origins). Twenty years after the discovery of Lucy, Dr. Timothy White led a team into Middle Awash area of the Ethiopia where he discovered the first fossils of the second biggest discovery since Lucy. Ardipithecus Ramidus was uncovered in over 100 fossil specimens in the Awash area. At the time of the discovery, the genus Australopithecus was scientifically well established, so White devised the genus name Ardipithecus to distinguish this new genus from Lucy’s species. In 2009, scientists formally announce and published the findings of a partial skeleton nicknamed â€Å"Ardi†. Ardi is estimated to be about 4. 4 millions years old. Tim White and his team found bits and pieces of Ardi’s skeleton, which were heavily damaged due to erosion, and the pressure of geology. Ardi’s skull was flat with loping lower jaw that juts out underneath the braincase similar to Lucy. The pelvis of Ardi after being reconstructed from a crushed specimen, suggested that even though it was not as tall as the apes it showed similarities. Also it showed adaptations that combined tree climbing and bipedal activity. White and his colleagues that worked on Ardi suggested that Ardi was a female that was a bit large. She was about 1. 2 meters tall and about 50 kilos, which was a bit large since that was the size of a male afarensis (Johanson The Quest for Human Origins). Lastly a partial skeleton of Ardi combines human and other primate traits. Ardi moved in the trees using a grasping big toe, yet her pelvis was shorter and broader than an ape’s, indicating that she could walk bipedally. There were many pieces of evidence that proved Australopithecus afarensis to have been walking upright for thousands of years. Dr. Don Johanson brought up human like characteristics in Lucy’s bones that indicated she walked upright. One of Lucy’s most striking characteristics was her knee joint, which indicated that she normally moved by walking upright. Her greater trochanter, however, was clearly derived, being short and human-like rather taller than the femoral head (Lovejoy). Another piece of evidence that proves Lucy walked upright was the formation of her pelvis. Her pelvis and leg bones were almost identical in function to those of modern humans, showing with certainty that these hominids had walked bipedally. The third piece of evidence that made it undoubtedly that Australopithecus afarensis walked upright was the footprints found at Laetoli in northern Tanzania. In 1976, Mary Leakey discovered hominid footprints that was preserved in volcanic ash and unearthed 1978. â€Å"The Laetoli Footprints† and skeletal structure excavated showed clear evidence of bipedalism. Many believe the three individuals who made these footprints belonged to the species Australopithecus afarensis. The footprints demonstrated that Australopithecus afarensis walked upright habitually, as there were no knuckle or hand impressions found near the footprints. The footprints didn’t have the mobile big toe as the apes do; instead, they had an arch, which the typical modern humans have (Leakey 81-86). After the discovery of Ardipithecus Ramidus, Tim White and Owen Lovejoy came up with many pieces of evidence that would place Ardi on the Human Evolutionary Tree. The femur and pelvis of Ardipithecus have characters that indicate both upright bipedal walking and movement in trees. Ardi’s pelvis was more primitive than Lucy’s but still contained characteristics to walk upright bipedally. Researchers say Ardi was a facultative biped (Lovejoy). That means Ardi was able to walk on two legs but only for a short period of time. Donald Johanson said in â€Å"The Quest for Human Origins† that when moving on the ground Ardi would move bipedally, but when in the trees she was quadrupedal. Lastly Ardi had very large divergent great toe, which was probably used to climb trees. Using those feet to grasp on to the branches helped them stay out of the reach of the attackers on the ground and also climb to get fruit in the trees. Lucy and Ardi are two important specimens in history that helped us learn more about the past human origins. There were many differences and similarities between Ardi and Lucy. The main and probably most obvious similarity was the ability to walk upright. This was probably the most important characteristic that connected Homo sapiens, Australopithecus Afarensis and Ardipithecus Ramidus together. Also another similarity was the formation of both pelvises. Lucy’s was more distinctively similar to the modern human but Ardi’s still contained characteristics that made it more human than ape. Something that Ardi and Lucy also had in common was that both walked bipedally on the ground, but when in the trees they were quadrupedal. Being over a million years apart Lucy and Ardi also had some differences. Ardi was more primitive than Lucy in that she looked more like apes and had more characteristics of them. On the other hand Lucy was more developed than Ardi such as having a slightly bigger brain, having more human like anatomy when it came to the bones, and Australopithecus afarensis spent more of their days walking bipedally than in the trees. The discoveries of Australopithecus Afarensis and Ardipithecus Ramidus have changed the way we connect our human origins to the past. Dr. Donald Johanson and Dr. Timothy White have brought to us these wonders that help us understand not exactly where our species come from but where some of our human origins and characteristics started. With the evidence presented, I can agree with the interpretations of Ardi and Lucy because through science and reasoning there isn’t any doubts and anyone can bring up. There may be many subtopic arguments about the theory of evolution but they all end up with the same conclusions that Lucy and Ardi is the first stepping-stone to connect our human origins to the evolutionary tree. After Dr. Donald Johanson and Dr. Tim White discovered the two most amazing specimens that would happen to be the beginning of evolutionary development. Lucy and Ardi are important to our evolutionary development because they were the first fossils to show upright walking as their primary locomotion. After all the evidence that many anthropologist, archeologist, and paleoanthropologist discovered and examined to prove that Lucy and Ardi’s ability to walk upright is clear that they are ancestors in our human evolutionary tree.

Sun Tzu essays

Sun Tzu essays The Art of War' was written by Sun Tzu and translated by Samuel B. Griffith. The authorship and date of this book has been closely scrutinized since the eleventh century in prolonged and protracted debates among scholars. It is accepted that the work originated in China and was well known in the fourth century BC. While the very existence of Sun Tzu has been questioned, the chapter on The Biography of Sun Tzu' indicates that Sun Tzu was an author who later made a general when his successful writings gained him an audience with a king. The author's style is clearly informative, very much like an instructional book. He opens chapter one, Estimates', of his work by declaring, "War is a matter of vital importance to the State; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin. It is mandatory that it be thoroughly studied." The Art of War' is devoted to the discussion of strategies which the author claims leads to victory if carefully followed. His is the first known attempt to formulate a rational basis for the planning and conduct of military operations. Sun Tzu was not primarily interested in the elaboration of specific maneuvers or in superficial or transitory techniques. This is both a weakness and strength of the book. It provides sound advice and discussion yet stops short on providing excessive details on specific maneuvers. It is this very omission that makes the book timeless. His purpose was to develop a systematic guide for rulers and generals on an intelligent approach to warfare. He believed that the skillful strategist should be able to "subdue the enemy's army without engaging it, to take his cities without laying siege to them, and to overthrow his State without bloodying swords." The author approached his subject methodically with each chapter addressing a specific concern. Sun Tzu felt that all aspects of war could be quantified into five factors outlined in...

The Call of the Wild Essays

The Call of the Wild Essays The Call of the Wild Essay The Call of the Wild Essay Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Into the Wild Wild The Call of the Wild In the novel The Call of the Wild, by Jack London, a pampered dog named Buck lives a lovely life in the Santa Clara Valley. When one of the garden workers brings Buck toa train station and sells him, his whole life changes. Buck adapts to his new ways and now is tougher and more aggressive. He isnt the same dog anymore. The call of the wild affects Bucks behavior and leads him to his true destiny. He has a natural call to live in the wild. When Buck goes from house pet to alpha sled dog, everything about him changes. His new life brings him closer to the wild. Buck is a fearless and is a true leader. He accepts every challenge and gets stronger everyday. Buck wants to take control and be on top. The wild atmosphere turns Buck into a fighter. He wont back away from anything and he shows that. Buck and Spitz are both the strongest sled dogs in the pack. They are both rivals and are against each other. Before Buck became a sled dog, he couldnt stand up for himself very well and didnt have many fghting skills. Spitz is always Jealous of Buck and wants to get rid of him. Spitz attacks Buck and starts to fight him to the point where Buck is badly wounded. At the end, Buck prevails and shows Spitz he is changed and is the leader. After the fight, Buck is proud of himself and realizes that he belongs with the pack. Buck stood and looked on, the successful champion, the dominant primordial beast who had made his kill and found its good ( London 46). Bucks victory shows he is destined to be part of the wild. Buck is finding more signals that are making him realize that he belongs in the wild. Buck hears a call from the forest that sounds like the call of the wild. When he hears this noise, he feels like its a familiar sound that he has heard before. Its a part of him. From the forest came the call ( or one note of it, for the call was many-noted), distinct and definite as never before- a long-drawn howl, like, yet unlike, any noise made by husky dog. And he knew it, in the old familiar way, as a sound heard before ( London 105). Buck follows the noise and finds a wolf. They end up becoming very close and continually meet up every day. Buck feels very close and calls him wood brother. Buck now feels like he is part of the wild and there are times when he almost forgets about going back to John Thorton, his owner. Buck goes through a lot to find his destiny. Everything in life happens for a reason. All the events that happen through Bucks life lead him closer to his destiny. Buck comes back to his camp finding John Thorton dead. The Yeehats attack the camp and kill everyone there. Buck has so much fury that he attacks all the Yeehats. He scares them all away. Buck loves John Thorton more than anyone in the world. His death really upsets Buck and he wants to drift away from this tragedy. He finds the pack of wolves and they surround him. They all start howling and he does the same. He feels very comfortable around them and feels as though he belongs ith them in the wild. The leaders lifted the yelp of the pack and sprang away into the wood. The wolves swung in behind, yelping in chorus. And Buck ran with them, side by side with the wild brother; yelping as he ran (London 120). Buck feels like he is part of the pack and he fits in with the wolves. The call of the wild is something these wolves can all relate to and Bucks wants to feel par t of their family. The call brings him to his destiny. Buck goes through a dramatic change in his life. The call of the wild is his true destiny. He belongs with his own kind and is better off this way. Buck goes from a domesticated pet to a fearless, wild sled dog. He sees that he belongs in the wild environment. He grows and develops as he continues his Journey. At the end of it all, he finds the right path and howls the call of the wild. He is now free and is with his own kind. Some people find their true destiny right away, but for others it takes them time to realize where they belong. Buck changes for the good and finds out who he really as he travels a challenging path. Buck finds his call at the end of the path, which makes everything worth it at the end.

Students should not do H.W after school day Assignment

Students should not do H.W after school day - Assignment Example It does not allow the students to engage in other sectors of life thus they feel the topic has come to their rescue. The audience belief that teachers should at least make sure that students understand their homework before they give it to them. They also believe that students should use not more than thirty minutes undertaking their homework and that homework should not be allocated in the weekends. This is the time the students should conduct their own activities outside school. To convince the audience, I would use the causal reasoning. This would be reasoning where I identify the relationship that exist between a cause and the effects. I would explore the causes of giving out homework and the effects of giving out homework. From there, I would reach into a conclusion with them. I would elicit a hopeful emotion to my audience. This would be through driving my motion home and convince our school not to dish out homework to the students. They should allocate some time in school for students to complete their

Moda Textile Factory - Kyrgyzstan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moda Textile Factory - Kyrgyzstan - Case Study Example They can also seek help from international agencies through their website and through networking sites like facebook and Youtube. Both these platforms can be effective for finding the type of business partners that they are looking for. Sergei and Olga should not abandon their dream of producing fashionable cashmere coats in their factory. Internet has emerged has very effective medium for entrepreneurs, big and small businessmen and people at large who want to expand their business across the globe. As Sergei has realized the potential of computer and internet, creating a webpage of their firm would hugely help their business. They can also develop design catalogue of their trendy ladies garments, including winter collection, showcasing fashionable ladies cashmere coats. It would be cost effective as against the printing of the same. This would help to expose their designs to larger client base, reaching across the continents. The social networking sites are also powerful medium for developing business contacts and customers. (words:

US History and Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US History and Government - Essay Example In 1990, American women would only vote in four Western States (Merchant, Gratton, and Gutmann 703). However, at the end of the century women could vote in all the States in U.S. with many of them intensifying their involvement in politics. Correspondingly, Merchant and his colleagues record that only six percent women were in the paid labor force in the United States (705). At the culmination of the twentieth century, approximately sixty-four percent of women were in the paid labor force. Further, in 1900, women accounted for one percent of lawyers and six percent of doctors, percentages that rose substantially to twenty-nine percent and twenty-six percent respectively. For women who strived for independence, this was a remarkable step in their quest for political and social freedom. During the twentieth century, household income of marginalized groups such as the African Americans improved (Steele 756). As recorded by Steele the gap in earnings between the marginalized Black Americans and Whites decreased (757). In the middle and on the start of twentieth century, blacks hardly earned forty percent of white’s incomes while, at the end of the century, they received eighty percent of what Whites earned. As these elements of discrimination prevailed, the youth from both divides of discrimination suffered as the political authorities disregarded their participation in the political arena and the job market. Most importantly, as Trujillo notes, the youths from the racial minority groups faced intensified opposition in the earth 1999s as compared to the White children (81). The factors that contributed to the revolution of the social and political status of marginalized groups in the twentieth century were majorly legislative in nature. The nineteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, guaranteed women’s rights to vote. Trujillo recognizes political change as a critical milestone in the

Law Enforcement Today Essay Example for Free

Law Enforcement Today Essay There are many issues facing that law enforcement today from things such as racial discrimination to probable cause and for the officers who go through this on a daily basis it is has been a long and hard fight. In today’s law enforcement agencies there are many local, state and federal agencies that are in contact with the Department of Homeland Security. Racial discrimination is an issue for law enforcement today because there are cases in which a white officer arrests or shoots someone who is a minority and the minority public sees this to be an act of racial discrimination versus it being that someone who happens to be a minority not abiding by the laws that govern them and all the citizens around them as well as attempting to cause harm to those around them. For instance I am sure everyone has heard about the Michael Brown case that occurred in August 2014 where a white police officer shot and killed a black teenager in Ferguson, Missouri which has caused a problem in other agencies while their officers are on the road. Another incident that has become an issue is the safety of officers. For instance back on September 12, 2014 when a man who was seeking change shot and killed a Pennsylvania State Trooper while injuring another. Another issue all local, state and federal agencies deal with would be the issue on immigration. The reason immigration is an issue for police agencies is because when you have a person or a group of people that have come to the U.S. illegally they can cause problems in society that are unwanted and that cause crime to rocket in a specific area or all over the country. Another issue that the police agencies go through would be cybercrime. Cybercrime is a big issue for police agencies because the job of the police department is to protect the citizens and when a child is being bullied to the point the child takes their life or child pornography is being exposed on the internet it is a crime because it is causing someone else to become unsafe as well as it being illegal. Cybercrime is also very difficult for law enforcement  agencies to deal with because they can be very difficult to catch unless someone points out in plain view the specifics of who, when, where, what, and how it is occurring. Local, state and federal law enforcement agencies interact with Homeland Security in many ways. Some ways that these agencies interact with Homeland Security is by helping to continue in keeping the citizens of the United States of America safe report and by eliminate terrorist attacks or anything that will hinder the lives of the American people in any way in the United States. For instance if a local police agency runs a traffic stop that positively identifies known terrorists than they can bring the terrorists for questioning and to alert the state and federal agencies and the government on information about the terrorists and their groups. The way the Department of Homeland Security gets the federal, local and state law enforcement agencies involved is by collecting data, information, tools and resources that each of these agencies are going to need in order help eliminate terrorism in the United States. While trying to get all the agencies involved there are also different things that DHS and the local, state and federal agencies can do in order to improve their relationship. Such things include on how they communicate and share information, enhance federal resources as well as supporting them through grants, training and other means. Lastly, they would be to strengthen its analytic capabilities to achieve better awareness of new and emerging threats. As one who would like to become a police officer one day I too would like to gain access in helping to resolve the issues that the local, state and federal governments are facing today as well as in the future as well as protecting the citizens of the United States. Taking it step by step will help eliminate the threat of terror as well as even the issues of the department and the Standard Operating Procedures they go through.

Killer Bees Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Africanized Honey Bee is actually a variety of honeybee derived by hybridization from African honeybees naturalized in the western hemisphere. Because they are highly defensive and will attack perceived intruders more readily than the common European honeybee, they are also known by the popular name of â€Å"killer bees.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazilian scientists imported African honeybee queens in the 1950’s in order to breed a honeybee for use in tropical climates. Some swarms escaped into the wild. Because they were highly adapted for tropical survival and had no natural competitors, they thrived and spread rapidly through South America, extending their range by as much as 500 km (300 mi) per year. By the 1980s, Africanized honeybees had reached Central America and soon colonized Mexico. In 1990, the first swarm was found in the United States. The bees spread from Texas to New Mexico and Arizona and then into California by 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bees reached an apparent climatic limit to their southern range in the middle of Argentina, and their range is expected to be similarly limited to the southern and coastal states in the United States. They have hybridized to some extent with resident wild and hive populations of European honeybees. However, many of the basic African honeybee traits remain, including rapid population growth, frequent swarming, minimal hoarding of honey, the ability to survive on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar, and a ...

Homeopathy :: essays research papers

Samuel Hahnemann, a brilliant German medical doctor and chemist, developed the science of homeopathy at the end of the 18th century. He was responding, in part, to his concern that more people were dying from medical treatments than from their diseases. Hahnemann believed that the purpose of medical therapy should be to restore health quickly, gently and permanently in the least harmful manner without toxic side-affects or the suppression of symptoms which would only return. His work and principles have been carried on and developed by many dedicated homeopaths right to the present day. Homeopathy now rests on the firm foundation of Hahnemann's work and some 200 years of well-documented, successful healing experience. Hahnemann's guiding principles still apply today in the practice of classical homeopathy, but his criteria are otherwise rarely met despite all the improvements and advances in so-called modern medicine.The True Classical Homeopathic Approach to CureFundamental to classical homeopathy is the view that we are each a synergistic whole, every part of our wholistic being effecting every other part. It is the combination of all symptoms and how they are experienced by the individual which should be addressed in attempting to cure that person and their disorders. When someone has a health problem, it is the whole person that has the problem. The problem does not exist in isolation from the person. They can't simply put the problem in a box and forget it. Therefore, when attempting to cure that person it is the whole person that should be considered, not simply what is thought to be a disordered part of the person. This is the wholistic approach of classical homeopathy. This is in contrast to the conventional approach to disease which often oversimplifies it as one isolated symptom or group of symptoms, as a problem affecting only one part or aspect of the body and person. The "sloppy approach" to homeopathy is guilty of the same practice. Classical Homeopathy, by contrast, prescribes remedies on a constitutional basis, treating the entire individual, their symptoms and modalities. To arrive at the correctly chosen remedy for a chronic disorder, the detailed case of all aspects of the individual must be taken. The true classical homeopath delves into the broad collection of symptoms and peculiarities of the individual, their entire mental, emotional and physical make-up. This requires an in-depth sense of the patient, a keen sensitivity to them which is able to grasp their gestalt, that totality of the person and the matching remedies which transcends the mere sum of their parts.

Culture and Culturally Competent Counselors Essay

Being Culturally Competent Letitia Batton Walden University Being Culturally Competent Counselors should have a sense of compassion and respect for people who are culturally different. As a social worker, it is easy to make diagnosis based on verbal and non-verbal presentation of our clients. Hays (2008) stated there are many factors to assess which include race, class, family structure, culture, relationships, religion, and generational/cultural influences. Based on the case study of Mrs. Hudson her externalizing behaviors may stem from an underlying anxiety disorder. It seems that her attacks are not medical in nature that is why she was referred by her primary doctor. She just recently started having these attacks and they happen out of the home and when she has to interact with others. Her assessment reveals that she is presently considered middle class, attended church prior to attacks, family oriented, and educated. Some potential concerns could be her daughter’s illness and past issues with her father that never got closure. Haitian culture relies on spiritual healing more so than Americanized tradition and this may be a big step for Mrs. Hudson (Pierce & Elisme, 2001). Counselors must be trained and competent when implementing diagnosis with culturally diverse clients. (Sue, 2008). DSM-IV provides counselors a tool to evaluate client’s cultural context (Hays, 2008). This process helps counselor’s assess their client’s background, cultural explanation of their issues, client’s environment, relationships, and overall cultural assessment to diagnosis and treatment (APA, 2002). Researchers have argued that the DSM-IV does not accurately represent all minorities (APA, 2002). It is important that counselors understand the family structure in order to provide the most accurate assessment information possible. Unfortunately, counselors are not immune to stereotypes. Beliefs in stereotypes, whether conscious or not, may lead to incorrect diagnosis and misunderstandings between the clinician and the client (Hays, 2008). These beliefs may stem from television or news reports. If believed, they may cause counselor to incorrectly interpret the diagnosis. When this happens the client may become offended and end counseling. Counselors should have knowledge of their own general views, as well as specific knowledge about diverse client’s issues (Sue, 2008). Diversity in family structure should also be taken into consideration when formulating goals and assessing treatment success or failure (APA, 2002). Counselors also attempt to understand the cultural values of each client to gain feelings of trust. Some issues with culturally competent assessments is that it is not race specific and whether existing instruments measure the correct attributes, based on different cultures (Hays, 2008). Diversity plays a role in many aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Clarity in these three characteristics may allow counselors to better assist families from diverse backgrounds and that will bring about better treatment outcomes (APA, 2002). Counselors should have an attitude of cultural humility in knowing their limits of knowledge and skills in rendering diagnosis with certainty than reinforcing stereotypes and generalizations (Sue, 2008). While guidelines exist for conducting a culturally competent assessment, few of these guidelines provide the link between the information gathered, the initial decision making, and the development of the treatment plan (APA, 2008).